

There has never been such universal recognition of human dignity, including the claim that everyone-regardless of race, nationality, religion, gender, sexual orientation, or political belief-is entitled to rights, especially what have been aptly called “life integrity rights.” 2 These human rights include the right to life the right to personal inviolability not to be hurt the right to be free of arbitrary seizure, detention, and punishment the freedom to own one’s body and labor the right to free movement without discrimination and the right to create and cohabit with family. There is a bloody paradox in the world’s political and social history. Because of war’s inherent cruelty and savagery, as historian John Keegan has observed, “It is scarcely possible anywhere in the world today to raise a body of reasoned support for the opinion that war is a justifiable activity.” 1 War is always and everywhere a public health disaster.
